08/04/2026
Ports Built America: The Port of Duluth-Superior
The Port of Duluth-Superior is America's top mover of iron ore, having shipped 3.4 billion tons and counting since the first ore departed in 1892.
The port was founded in 1871, but these waters carried generations of history before that. Indigenous people navigated them, calling the great lake Gichigami. French-Canadian voyageurs and American fur traders followed, then United States Army surveyors. After Wisconsin and Minnesota gained statehood in the mid-1800s, townsites emerged on Lake Superior's rugged western shores. In 1855, the first lock opened at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, opening Lake Superior to larger vessels from the lower Great Lakes.
No individual shaped that emergence more than Jay Cooke. The Philadelphia financier sold hundreds of millions of dollars in war bonds to help fund the Union Army during the Civil War, then turned that capital toward Duluth, financing the railroad and grain elevators that made the port viable.
Today, the same waters that once carried voyageurs and fur traders move billions of tons of iron ore through one of the nation's most vital industrial shipping routes.