09/25/2026
California State Route 120 passes through the community of Groveland upon climbing to the top of the New Priest Grade and passing through Big Oak Flat. In modern times the unincorporated communities of Big Oak Flat and Groveland more or less have consolidated. This view is facing eastward at some of the remaining mining era structures still in Groveland.
The Big Oak Flat-Groveland area is tied to the beginnings of the California Gold Rush in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. In 1848 James Savage staked out gold claims in what which came be known as Savage's Diggings. Savage's Diggings was located near an Oak Tree which was used as a landmark which led to the community to assume the name Big Oak Flat. Garrote was founded near Big Oak Flat and the claims of James Savage. Following the emergence of tourism traffic to Yosemite upon the completion of Big Oak Flat Road in 1874 the community's name of Garrote would be changed to Groveland.
In 1853 the Grizzly Gulch Trail was declared a public highway by Tuolumne County. By 1859 a new highway was completed along the southern flank of Grizzly Gulch as a franchise toll road. This highway at the time was known as the Grizzly Gulch Wagon Road and provided direct access from Jacksonville to the Big Oak Flat-Groveland area. The Grizzly Gulch Wagon Road proved not to be as popular as Wards Ferry from Sonora due to the high gradients and longer distance traveled. In time the Grizzly Gulch Wagon Road would come to be known as the Priest Grade (alternatively Priest Hill).
The slow pace of travel was largely dictated by the heavy climb on the Priest Grade which made it difficult for large loads to ascend. By 1901 some early steam cars were able to ascend the Priest Grade but it proved to be nearly impossible for early gasoline powered cars. In 1912 the communities of Big Oak Flat and Groveland hired a surveyor to locate a new grade along the northern flank of Grizzly Gulch as replacement for the Priest Grade. Construction of a seven-foot-wide roadway along northern Grizzly Gulch began in 1912 via local donations.
By 1913 the New Priest Grade Road was completed. Both New Priest Grade Road was purchased by Tuolumne County as a public roadway. New Priest Grade Road permitted easier travel to the Big Oak Flat-Groveland area for automobiles. The State of California added the New Priest Grade Road as part of Legislative Route Number 40 via 1915 Legislative Chapter 396. Specifically, the New Priest Grade Road and the Big Oak Flat Road were brought into the State Highway System as:
"that certain toll road in Tuolumne and Mariposa counties known as the Big Oak Flat and Yosemite Toll Road beginning at a point near the former location of Jack Bell Sawmill in Tuolumne Cty and extending thence in an E-ly direction through a portion of Mariposa Cty at Hamilton Station, thence again into Tuolumne Cty, past Hearden Ranch, Crocker Station, Crane Flat, and Gin Flat to the boundary line of the original Yosemite Grant near Cascade Creek."
In August 1934 much of Legislative Route Number 40 would be assigned as California State Route 120. In 1964 the California Highway Commission would select a freeway alignment which was designed to bypass the Priest Grades, Big Oak Flat and Groveland. Ultimately this bypass was never constructed, and California State Route 120 remained essentially unchanged into modern times.