07/05/2026
The red line marks approximately 46°N latitude, and about half of Canada's population lives south of it.
Although Canada is the world's second-largest country by land area, nearly 90% of Canadians live within about 160 km (100 miles) of the U.S. border, where the climate is milder, the growing season is longer, and most of the country's transportation, agriculture, and industry developed.
Southern Ontario and southern Quebec alone account for well over half of Canada's population, while much of the north consists of boreal forest, mountains, tundra, and permafrost, making large-scale settlement difficult.
It also highlights an interesting geographic fact: major Canadian cities such as Toronto, Windsor, Hamilton, London, Ottawa, Montreal, and much of southern Quebec all lie farther south than many people realize, at roughly the same latitude as northern California, northern Italy, and southern France.